A HIGH ORDER METHOD FOR NON-SMOOTH FREDHOLM EQUATIONS

1.IntroductionConsidertheequationwherek(s,t)=k(f)tandf(s)aregiven,uistheunknownsolution.SinceitisrelatedcloselytoWiener-Hopfequationsandisveryimportantinpractice,therearemanynumericalresultsaboutit(e.g.[1--11]).Itiswellknownthattheaccuracyoftheapproximati…     

二氧化碳在正辛烷、正十四烷中对流扩散系数的测定

 建立了由细管驱替实验测定驱替气体在油藏流体中的对流扩散系数的测定方法。测定了CO₂分别在正辛烷、正十四烷中的对流扩散系数，并研究了驱替速度及正辛烷、正十四烷分子量对扩散的影响。     

Contribution of electrolyte pH and deposition potentials to the magnetic anisotropy of electrodeposited nickel films

The influence of electrolyte pH and cathode potential on the magnetic properties of single layer Nickel films electrodeposited on polycrystalline titanium substrates was studied. The films were deposited at the electrolyte pH=3.5±0.1, 2.5±0.1 and 2.1±0.1 by varying the deposition potentials (?1.2, ?1.5 and ?1.8 V vs saturated calomel electrode, SCE) applied in continuous waveform. The structural analysis by X-ray diffraction revealed that the films have face-centred cubic structure. Results of the magnetic measurements obtained by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) indicated that the magnetic properties were affected by the electrolyte pH and the cathode potentials in terms of magnetic anisotropy. At the highest pH the films deposited at the lowest potential had in-plane magnetic anisotropy. As the electrolyte pH decreased from the high (pH=3.5±0.1) to low (pH=2.5±0.1), which is aided by increasing the potentials, resulted in an almost magnetic isotropy in the films. However, isotropic magnetic behaviour was observed for the film deposited at the low pH combined with the high potential (?1.8 V vs SCE). Magnetic thickness profile of the samples obtained by VSM revealed that the isotropic films have a smoother magnetic variation across the film from one edge than the anisotropic ones. This is also verified with a microscopic observation by an optical microscope and the surface of the isotropic films is observed to be smoother than that of the anisotropic ones. Furthermore, all films were found to have planar magnetic anisotropy irrespective of the pH’s and the potentials.     

Free control of far-field scattering angle of transmission terahertz wave using multilayer split-ring resonators’ metasurfaces

To enhance transmission efficiency of Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase metasurfaces, multilayer splitring resonators were proposed to develop encoding sequences. As per the generalized Snell’s law, the deflection angle of the PB phase encoding metasurfaces depends on the metasurface period’s size. Therefore, it is impossible to design an infinitesimal metasurface unit; consequently, the continuous transmission scattering angle cannot be obtained. In digital signal processing, this study introduces the Fourier convolution principle on encoding metasurface sequences to freely control the transmitted scattering angles. Both addition and subtraction operations between two different encoding sequences were then performed to achieve the continuous variation of the scattering angle. Furthermore, we established that the Fourier convolution principle can be applied to the checkerboard coded metasurfaces.     

A Robust Metal-Organic Framework with Scalable Synthesis and Optimal Adsorption and Desorption for Energy-Efficient Ethylene Purification

Adsorptive separation is an energy-efficient alternative, but its advancement has been hindered by the challenge of industrially potential adsorbents development. Herein, a novel ultra-microporous metal-organic framework ZU-901 is designed that satisfies the basic criteria raised by ethylene/ethane (C₂H₄/C₂H₆) pressure swing adsorption (PSA). ZU-901 exhibits an “S” shaped C₂H₄ curve with high sorbent selection parameter (65) and could be mildly regenerated. Through green aqueous-phase synthesis, ZU-901 is easily scalable with 99 % yield, and it is stable in water, acid, basic solutions and cycling breakthrough experiments. Polymer-grade C₂H₄ (99.51 %) could be obtained via a simulating two-bed PSA process, and the corresponding energy consumption is only 1/10 of that of simulating cryogenic distillation. Our work has demonstrated the great potential of pore engineering in designing porous materials with desired adsorption and desorption behavior to implement an efficient PSA process.     

Effect of ground electrode on charge injection and surface potential of corona charged polyethylene film

The surface potential decay measurement is a simple and low cost tool to assess electrical properties of insulation materials; therefore, understanding the physical mechanisms of the surface potential decay becomes necessary. With our recent space charge measurement results on corona charged samples, bipolar charge injection on corona charged samples had been observed. Based on this new fact, it is anticipated that the ground electrode should have significant effect during corona charging and subsequently decay processes. In the paper, low density polyethylene (LDPE) film with gold ground electrode was compared with LDPE film with aluminium ground to study effect of ground electrode on charge injection and surface potential decay processes. Charging current during the corona charging, surface potential decay and space charge dynamics after corona charging in the samples with either gold coated or aluminium ground electrode were measured. Differences have been observed for gold ground electrode when compared with aluminium ground electrode. Higher work function of gold electrode is responsible for the observed differences. A preliminary simulation has also attempted to show that the bipolar injection may take place in corona charged LDPE films.     

Hydrogen Bonding Deduced α and β Polymorphs of Bis(tetrabutylammonium) Bis(cyclohexylammoinum) β-Octamolybdate, [β-Mo<Subscript>8</Subscript>O<Subscript>26</Subscript>]<Superscript>4−</Superscript>

Abstract  

The title compound, (C₆H₁₄N)₂(C₁₆H₃₆N)₂[β-Mo₈O₂₆] crystallizes in two polymorphs due to different hydrogen bonding self-assembly structures in the solid state. The two polymorphs are of same symmetry and similar cell parameters and inside them the octamolybdate anions are linked to form chains through pairs of N–H···O hydrogen bonds. Minor differences of the conformation of octomolybdate anions and the hydrogen bonding attach positions in the two crystals result in the two polymorphs.     

Comparative analysis of CFD models for jetting fluidized beds: Effect of particle-phase viscosity

Under the Eulerian–Eulerian framework of simulating gas–solid two-phase flow, the accuracy of the hydrodynamic prediction is strongly affected by the selection of rheology of the particulate phase, for which a detailed assessment is still absent. Using a jetting fluidized bed as an example, this work investigates the influence of solid rheology on the hydrodynamic behavior by employing different particle-phase viscosity models. Both constant particle-phase viscosity model (CVM) with different viscosity values and a simple two-fluid model without particle-phase viscosity (NVM) are incorporated into the classical two-fluid model and compared with the experimental measurements. Qualitative and quantitative results show that the jet penetration depth, jet frequency and averaged bed pressure drop are not a strong function of the particle-phase viscosity. Compared to CVM, the NVM exhibits better predictions on the jet behaviors, which is more suitable for investigating the hydrodynamics of gas–solid fluidized bed with a central jet.     

一种尼龙老化评价的新方法

作为一种广泛使用的工程塑料,尼龙的老化备受关注。当作为电力系统芯片的封装材料时,尼龙在自然环境下的老化有可能会导致封装失效,从而影响芯片使用的可靠性,严重时甚至导致芯片的失效,给电力行业带来巨大损失。常规的自然老化和人工加速老化评价周期非常漫长,不同因素对尼龙老化的影响机理十分复杂,且这种影响难以研究,使得评价尼龙的老化稳定性成为一大难题。采用自主开发的原位老化评价系统,对尼龙6（PA6）和尼龙66（PA66）的老化稳定性及湿度对老化的影响进行了研究。该系统可以实现光照/温度/湿度/氧气等环境因素的加载,通过高灵敏度地测定材料在综合环境因素作用下产生的气相降解产物来评价材料的老化稳定性,评价时间缩短到几小时。实验表明,PA6和PA66的气相降解产物以H₂O和CO₂为主,由于H₂O在气相中的浓度不稳定,因此以CO₂的产生量作为老化评价指标。通过对不同自然老化时间PA6和PA66的原位老化评价,并与其ATR-FTIR红外光谱图进行对照,证明了原位老化评价方法能够较好地反映尼龙的老化程度,自然老化时间越长,PA6和PA66的稳定性越低,CO₂的产生量越大。进一步,采用该方法研究了湿度对PA6和PA66老化反应的影响,证明增大湿度对尼龙老化存在促进作用,而且升高温度会进一步促进湿度对老化的促进作用。研究表明,原位老化评价方法是一种快速评价尼龙老化稳定性及环境因素影响的有力手段。     

Mg、Ti离子复合掺杂改性磷酸铁锂正极材料及其电池性能

在氮气气氛下采用高温固相方法, 合成了Mg、Ti 离子复合掺杂改性的锂离子电池正极材料(Li_0.98Mg_0.01)(Fe_0.98Ti_0.01)PO₄/C, 并通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和充放电循环对材料进行性能表征. 测试结果表明, 复合离子掺杂可显著改善材料的电化学性能, 模拟电池在0.2C和1C倍率下的放电比容量分别为154.7 和146.9 mAh·g^-1. 以此复合掺杂样品为正极材料组装60 Ah动力电池, 其3C倍率放电容量仍保持为1C倍率放电容量的100%; 低温0 和-20 °C测试条件下, 动力电池放电容量分别保持为常温初始放电容量的89.7%和63.1%; 在常温1C/1C充放电条件下, 经过2000次循环后, 电池容量依然保持为初始放电容量的89%, 显示出优良的倍率放电性能和循环性能. 研究结果表明, Mg、Ti 离子复合掺杂改性的磷酸铁锂正极材料及其电池具有优良的放电性能和循环稳定性, 可广泛应用于电动(或混合动力)汽车和储能电池系统.